{"id":47530,"date":"2018-08-07T17:36:17","date_gmt":"2018-08-07T12:06:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/?p=47530"},"modified":"2018-08-08T12:34:59","modified_gmt":"2018-08-08T07:04:59","slug":"%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%9f%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%9f%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%95-csma-cd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%9f%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%9f%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%95-csma-cd-47530\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 CSMA\/CD \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947\u0902"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3>CSMA\/CD \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948? (csma\/cd in computer network in hindi)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0915\u0948\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u0932 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0938 (Collision \u0921\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928) \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0923\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0925\u0921 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0908\u0925\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f\/LAN \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;n&#8217; \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094b \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0924\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094b \u0938\u092d\u0940 &#8216;n&#8217; \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947-\u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0905\u092c \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092d\u0947\u091c \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u095c\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0914\u0930 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u090f\u0915 collision \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<p>CSMA\/CD \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0935\u094b \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 collision \u0921\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0932 \u092f\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u092c \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0938\u092b\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e corrupt \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0921\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<h3>CSMA\/CD \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/h3>\n<p>CSMA\/CD \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u092e \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092a 1<\/strong>: \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092f\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092a 2<\/strong>: \u0905\u092c \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u093f \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093f idle \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0938\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915 idle \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0928\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0915\u0932\u0940 \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 collision \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0906\u092f\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915 idle \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u092d\u0947\u091c\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0947 \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0939\u0940 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092a 3<\/strong>: \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0947 collision \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f check \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0938\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f CSMA\/CD acknowledgement \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e collision \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 collision \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0935\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 jam \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u0948\u0902\u0921\u092e \u0938\u092e\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0924\u0915 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0924\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0915 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092a 4<\/strong>: \u0905\u0917\u0930 propagation \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 collision \u0921\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0928\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0909\u0902\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093f\u0938\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h3>\u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e collision \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/h3>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902- A \u0914\u0930 B.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-47542 aligncenter lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e-\u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u09351-300x114.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"114\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e-\u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u09351-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e-\u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u09351-768x293.png 768w, https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e-\u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u09351-1024x390.png 1024w, https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e-\u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u09351-696x265.png 696w, https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e-\u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u09351-1068x407.png 1068w, https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e-\u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u09351-1102x420.png 1102w, https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e-\u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u09351.png 1123w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/114;\" \/>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0930 propagation \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e Tp= 1 \u0918\u0902\u091f\u093e (\u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u094b A \u0938\u0947 B \u0924\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1hr \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)<\/p>\n<pre>At time t=0, A transmits its data.\r\n        t= 30 mins : Collision occurs.<\/pre>\n<p>\u091c\u092c collision \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u092d\u0947\u091c \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 collision \u092c\u0940\u091a\u094b\u0902-\u092c\u0940\u091a \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948 \u0907\u0938\u0940\u0932\u093f\u090f collision \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0938 (30) \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f \u0932\u0917 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<pre>Therefore, t=1 hr: A &amp; B receive collision signals.<\/pre>\n<p>\u092f\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<h3>\u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0932\u0947\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 Collision \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948?<\/h3>\n<p>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e (Tt) &gt; Propagation \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e Tp<\/p>\n<p>\u0910\u0938\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0940\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u092c\u093f\u091f \u0915\u094b \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0938\u092b\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0921\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 collision \u0928\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092f\u0947 \u090f\u0915 loose bound \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 collision \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u093f \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 worst case scenario \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-47543 aligncenter lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0935-300x114.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"114\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0935-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0935-768x293.png 768w, https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0935-1024x390.png 1024w, https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0935-696x265.png 696w, https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0935-1068x407.png 1068w, https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0935-1102x420.png 1102w, https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0935.png 1123w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/114;\" \/><\/p>\n<pre>At time t=0, A transmits its data.\r\n        t= 59:59 mins : Collision occurs<\/pre>\n<p>\u092f\u0947 collision \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 B \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u092c collision \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 59:59 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f \u0932\u0947\u0917\u093e A \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0907\u0908\u0932\u094b\u092f\u0947 A \u0905\u092c collision \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b \u0918\u0902\u091f\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 2*(Tp).<\/p>\n<pre>Hence, to ensure tighter bound, to detect the collision completely,\r\n  Tt &gt; &gt;= 2 * Tp<\/pre>\n<p>\u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 collision \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<h3>\u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0915\u093e length \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f?<\/h3>\n<p>\u0905\u092c \u0939\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0925 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e= Tt =\u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0925\/\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0935\u093f\u0921\u094d\u0925<br \/>\n[\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0915\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e]<br \/>\nSubstitute \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926,<br \/>\n\u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0925\/\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0935\u093f\u0921\u094d\u0925&gt;= 2 * Tp<\/p>\n<pre>Length of the packet &gt;= 2 * Tp * Bandwidth of the link\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Padding\u0909\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0925 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<h3>CSMA\/CD in networking<\/h3>\n<p>\u0915\u0948\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u0932 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0938\/Collision \u0921\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0925\u0921 \u0939\u092e\u0947 \u092f\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0917\u0930 collision \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u090f\u0915 CSMA \u0905\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0925\u092e \u091c\u094b\u095c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 collision \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u095c\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f collision \u0915\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e \u0915\u094b propagation \u0921\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u091a \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b \u0935\u094b \u092c\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u092e\u0947 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 worst \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u093f \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f contention \u0938\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0964 contention \u0938\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091f \u0935\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b collision \u0915\u093f \u0935\u091c\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0916\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u092f\u0947 A \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0938\u092b\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e collide \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0905\u092c worst \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0935\u094b \u0939\u0948 2Tp. \u0924\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 B \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915 idle \u0939\u0948 \u0938\u0941\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u092d\u0947\u091c \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<pre>Tp ( propagation delay) + Tt(transmission time)<\/pre>\n<p>\u0905\u092c \u0939\u092e\u0947 \u092f\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 contention \u0938\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091f \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u094b \u0939\u092e &#8216;n&#8217; contention \u0938\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091f \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947:<\/p>\n<pre>Efficiency = Tt \/ ( C*2*Tp + Tt + Tp)  \r\nTt \u2192 transmission time\r\nTp \u2192 propagation time\r\nC  \u2192 number of collision\r\n<\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-47559 aligncenter lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u090f\u092b\u093f\u0936\u093f\u090f\u0902\u0938\u0940-300x99.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"99\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u090f\u092b\u093f\u0936\u093f\u090f\u0902\u0938\u0940-300x99.png 300w, https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u090f\u092b\u093f\u0936\u093f\u090f\u0902\u0938\u0940.png 504w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/99;\" \/>\u0905\u092c CSMA\/CD \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0924\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092b \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f &#8216;p&#8217; \u0935\u094b \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c\u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<pre>P(success) = nC1 * p * (1-p)<sup>n-1<\/sup> (by using Binomial distribution)<\/pre>\n<p>\u0905\u092c \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e p \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f p \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 differentiate \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0914\u0930 0 \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f maxima \u0914\u0930 minimaa \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947:<\/p>\n<pre>We get P(max) = 1\/e<\/pre>\n<p>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e:<\/p>\n<pre>1\/P(MAX) = 1\/(1\/e) = e<\/pre>\n<p>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u092e\u0947 <strong>(C)=e<\/strong> \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0905\u092c \u0939\u092e a=Tt\/Tp \u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0947 T \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0914\u0930 Efficiency= Tt\/ (C* 2 * Tp + Tt + Tp)<\/p>\n<p>\u0905\u092c;<\/p>\n<pre>Efficiency = 1\/(e*2a + 1 + a)\r\na = Tp\/Tt\r\ne = 2.72\r\n\r\nNow \r\n<strong>Efficiency<\/strong> = 1\/( 1 + 6.44a)\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u090f\u092b\u093f\u0936\u093f\u090f\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930;<\/p>\n<pre>Efficiency = 1\/ (1 + 6.44a)\r\n\r\n           = 1\/ {1 + 6.44(Tp\/Tt)}\r\n\r\n           = 1\/ {1 + 6.44((distance\/speed)(Bandwidth\/packet length))}\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 derivation \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0932\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u095d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 CSMA \u0915\u093f \u090f\u092b\u093f\u0936\u093f\u090f\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li>CSMA \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f WAN \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0942\u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f LAN \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u0905\u0917\u0930 \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0925 \u092c\u095c\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0924\u094b CSMA \u0915\u093f \u090f\u092b\u093f\u0936\u093f\u090f\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u095d \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092f\u0947 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f length \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e 1500 bytes \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e &gt;= 2* (Propagation \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 CSMA\/CD \u0915\u093f \u090f\u092b\u093f\u0936\u093f\u090f\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0932\u0915\u0941\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0915\u093f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0932\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0907\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0935\u093e\u0932 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0906\u092a \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0947\u0916<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2-47701\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0902\u0921\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97-47725\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0928\u091a\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Manchester encoding) \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%9B%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%9B%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97-47764\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u095b\u0928 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 (frequency division multiplexing) \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1-47745\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97-47751\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2-47697\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80-47684\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1-%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2-47675\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u094b\u0932 \u092c\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0921 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0923\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092b\u093e\u092f\u0926\u0947<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F-47564\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u0948\u092a\u0947\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u092e\u092e \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0930\u0947\u091f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97-%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C-47459\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u0932\u0947\u091c \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CSMA\/CD \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948? (csma\/cd in computer network in hindi) \u0915\u0948\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u0932 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0938 (Collision \u0921\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928) \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0923\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0925\u0921 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0908\u0925\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f\/LAN \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;n&#8217; \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094b \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0921\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":52,"featured_media":47544,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[254],"tags":[5985],"yst_prominent_words":[],"class_list":["post-47530","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tech","tag-5985"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47530","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/52"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47530"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47530\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/47544"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47530"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47530"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47530"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hindi.theindianwire.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=47530"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}